Personality Traits and PTSD Resilience Research Paper

Personality Traits and posttraumatic stress disorder Resilience - Research Paper typefaceThe TR in DSM-IV-TR refers to text revisions. Numeroff et al. (2009), a reprint of the work of Numeroff et al. (2006), reviewed the state of science in posttraumatic show disorder (posttraumatic stress disorder). The authors pointed out five key points. First, PTSD is frequent among women than among men. Second, the presence of group C symptoms aft(prenominal) exposure to trauma can predict the development of PTSD. Third, increases in corticotrophin-releasing factor or CRF concentration associated with PTSD may be reversed with paroxetine treatment. Fourth, hippocampal volume appears to be selectively decreased and hippocampal function impaired among PTSD patients. Fifth, prolonged exposure therapy is effective in modifying negative cognitions that are frequent among PTSD patients. Note that in Numeroff et al. (2009) or state of science on the PTSD, there was no mention on the exercise of r ecord traits and resilience. In the 2000 guidelines of 50 pages for treating PTSD written by Foa et al., there was no mention on the role of personality traits in hastening or slowing down the treatment or management of PTSDs. The treatment guidelines were create under the auspices of the PTSD Treatment Guidelines Task Force organized by the Board of Directors of the outside(a) Society for Trauma Stress Studies (ISTSS) in November 1997 (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). The treatment guidelines described PTSD as a grievous psychological condition resulting from an exposure to a traumatic event (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). The 2000 guidelines mentioned that the symptoms associated with PTSDs are reliving the traumatic events or frightening elements of it avoidance of thoughts, memories, people, and places associated with the event emotional numbing and symptoms of elevated arousal (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). The treatment guidelines pointed out that PTSDs are often accompanied by other ps ychological disorders (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). Further, the treatment guidelines elaborated that the PTSD is a heterogeneous condition that can be associated with significant morbidity, disability, and impairment of life functions (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association (1994) guided the guidelines. The guidelines recognized that research that shaped the guidelines came mostly from western industrialized nations and little is known about the treatment of the PTSD in non-industrialized countries (Foa et al, 2000, p. 540). The guidelines also famous that there are limitations in the scientific literature on the PTSDs because most studies have used cellular inclusion and exclusion criteria and, thus, each study may not fully represent the complete spectrum of patients (Foa et al., 2000, p. 541). In particular, it is usual in the studies of PTSD treatment to exclud e patients with active substance dependence, acute suicidal ideation, neuropsychological deficits, retardation, or cardiovascular disease such that generalization of the findings to all populations may not be appropriate (Foa et al., 2000 p. 541). However, worry Numeroff et al. (2009), Foa et al. (2000) did not mention anything on the association